The nature of the procedure

• purposes of the using the drug or treatment,

• the expected duration of the patients procedure or treatment,

• procedures to be followed

The risks and benefits and the procedure

• Benefits

• A description of any foreseeable harm,

• discomfort,  

• risk

Reasonable alternatives

• disclosure of any appropriate alternative procedures that might be advantageous

Risks and benefits of alternatives

Assessment of the patient's understanding of elements 1 through 4.

• For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary and informed, and the person consenting must have the capacity to make the decision. capacity – the person must be capable of giving consent, which means they understand the information given to them and can use it to make an informed decision.